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熱詞英譯︱紅眼病&醋罎子——你知道英語怎麼說嗎?

羡慕嫉妒恨是人類與生俱來的一種情感,英漢兩種語言中都有許多形容這類情感的詞彙,今天我們主要談一談“紅眼病”和“醋罎子”的英譯。

紅眼病

根據《現代漢語大詞典》的解釋,“紅眼病”有兩層意思,一是急性結膜炎的俗稱,二是比喻看到別人有名有利或有好的東西而嫉妒的不良心態。我們要談的,就是這種比喻意義上的“紅眼病”,它以嫉妒為主要特徵,是一種對別人的各種優勢產生不悅、自慚、怨恨、惱怒甚至帶有破壞性的不健康心理。

“紅眼病”和眼紅密切相關,“眼紅”在漢語中也是指嫉妒,大抵是因為人在嫉妒或憤怒時會眼睛充血、發紅,而發紅的眼睛又是紅眼病的主要特徵,因而“紅眼病”也被用來形容嫉妒的心態。

有趣的是,漢語中的“嫉妒”以“眼紅”為主要特徵,但英語卻是以“眼睛發綠”為主要特徵。這種用法通常認為可以追溯到莎士比亞時代,在其眾多作品中可見一斑——

在《安東尼與克莉奧佩特拉》(Anthony and Cleopatra)中,

嫉妒被稱作“綠色病”(green sickness);在《威尼斯商人》(Merchant of Venice)中,出現了“眼睛發綠的嫉妒”(green-eyed jealousy)這樣的詞語;在《奧賽羅》(Othello)中,反面人物伊阿古(Iago)則將嫉妒形容為“綠眼怪獸”(green-eyed monster):

O! Beware, my lord, of jealousy; it is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on.

啊,主帥,您要留心嫉妒啊;那是一個綠眼的怪獸,它慣於將獵物玩弄於爪下。

據說,這只怪獸的原型是貓,因為貓的眼睛通常是綠的,而且也喜歡玩弄獵物。

在莎士比亞之前,綠色通常和疾病聯繫在一起。據稱,古希臘人通常使用green和pale來描寫疾病。

他們認為人在生病或者嫉妒時,身體會分泌出更多的膽汁,從而使皮膚顯得發綠。這或許可以解釋為什麼在西方綠色和嫉妒結下了不解之緣。

因此,我們通常使用green with envy/jealousy和green-eyed monster來翻譯由於嫉妒而產生的“眼紅”和“紅眼病”,例如:

①她的裘皮大衣讓我眼紅。

Her fur coat makes me green with envy.

②有些人看到別人過得好就得紅眼病。

Some people are green with jealousy at seeing others become better off.

③你覺得他對朋友的批評是合理的還是得了紅眼病?

Do you think his criticisms of his friend are valid or is it just a case of the green-eyed monster?

醋罎子

還有一種特殊的嫉妒,往往用於描寫男女關係方面,它不是嫉妒別人比自己強,而是擔心自己的東西或者自己喜歡的人被別人搶走,或者生怕自己喜歡的人去喜歡別人,

這種嫉妒在漢語中叫“吃醋”。這種吃醋的人被稱作“醋壇”“醋罐”“醋瓶”“醋缸”“醋簍”等,妒火中燒則是“打翻了醋罎子”或者“醋意大發”。

那麼,嫉妒為什麼和吃醋扯上了關係呢?原來這裡還有一個典故。

據唐代劉餗在《隋唐嘉話》一書中記載,宰相房玄齡因輔佐有功,唐太宗幾次想把美女賞賜給他,無奈宰相夫人天性好嫉妒,死活不答應,結果唐太宗惱了,就賜了瓶毒酒給她。沒想到房夫人確有幾分剛烈,寧死不屈,端起酒杯一飲而盡,喝完後才發現根本不是什麼毒酒,而是酸酸甜甜好味道的濃醋。從此,“吃醋”便成了“嫉妒”的戲稱,專門用來形容婚姻愛情中的嫉妒心態。

“吃醋”是全世界男男女女共有的心態,英美人也不例外,但在英語中,“吃醋”並不是drinking vinegar,而是有其特殊的表達。

首先,上述表達“眼紅”的詞語在英語中同樣也可以用來表達“吃醋”。

在漢語中,嫉妒別人比自己強用“眼紅”和“紅眼病”,而婚姻愛情中的嫉妒則使用“吃醋”來表達,二者各司其職,很少跨界使用。

但在英語中,“green with envy/jealousy”“green-eyed monster”等詞語是通用的,既可以表達“眼紅”的嫉妒,也可以形容“吃醋”的嫉妒,例如:

①她知道她老公有時就是個醋罎子。

She knew that her husband sometimes succumbed to the green-eyed monster.

②我男朋友過來啦,他可是個大醋罎子哦。

Here is my boyfriend. He is a real green-eyed monster.

此外,英語中還有一些專門表示男女間爭風吃醋的詞語,如:

Jealous Boyfriend Syndrome (吃醋男友綜合症,縮寫JBS)

Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome (吃醋女友綜合症,縮寫JGS)。

下面是美國線上俚語詞典Urban Dictionary對兩個詞的解釋:

“Jealous Boyfriend Syndrome” is used when you have a boyfriend who is so jealous you aren’t allowed to hug any other guys, talk to any other guys, look at any other guys, or even think about any other guys.

“Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome” is used when an insecure girl overreacts and gets extremely jealous because her man is talking to another girl, even if just casual. The girl suffering from Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome usually does not have a whole lot of trust in her man, otherwise she wouldn’t overreact so much. In some cases, a girl suffering from Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome will freak out (精神崩潰) if another girl even looks in the general direction of her man.

應用實例:

①I said hi to Brad today, and Tom totally flipped out. He’s got a serious case of Jealous Boyfriend Syndrome.

②Susie: Yeah, I got on Myspace this morning and had a message from Tina who was freaking out because I exchanged comments with her boyfriend.

Chadwick: Eh, she’s just suffering from a bad case of Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome.

小結:在漢語中,“紅眼病”和“醋罎子”都是採用比喻意義,分別指代普通意義的嫉妒和男女關係上的爭風吃醋,通常不可通用;二者都無法按字面意義譯成英語,而要採用英語特有的相應表達。

沒想到房夫人確有幾分剛烈,寧死不屈,端起酒杯一飲而盡,喝完後才發現根本不是什麼毒酒,而是酸酸甜甜好味道的濃醋。從此,“吃醋”便成了“嫉妒”的戲稱,專門用來形容婚姻愛情中的嫉妒心態。

“吃醋”是全世界男男女女共有的心態,英美人也不例外,但在英語中,“吃醋”並不是drinking vinegar,而是有其特殊的表達。

首先,上述表達“眼紅”的詞語在英語中同樣也可以用來表達“吃醋”。

在漢語中,嫉妒別人比自己強用“眼紅”和“紅眼病”,而婚姻愛情中的嫉妒則使用“吃醋”來表達,二者各司其職,很少跨界使用。

但在英語中,“green with envy/jealousy”“green-eyed monster”等詞語是通用的,既可以表達“眼紅”的嫉妒,也可以形容“吃醋”的嫉妒,例如:

①她知道她老公有時就是個醋罎子。

She knew that her husband sometimes succumbed to the green-eyed monster.

②我男朋友過來啦,他可是個大醋罎子哦。

Here is my boyfriend. He is a real green-eyed monster.

此外,英語中還有一些專門表示男女間爭風吃醋的詞語,如:

Jealous Boyfriend Syndrome (吃醋男友綜合症,縮寫JBS)

Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome (吃醋女友綜合症,縮寫JGS)。

下面是美國線上俚語詞典Urban Dictionary對兩個詞的解釋:

“Jealous Boyfriend Syndrome” is used when you have a boyfriend who is so jealous you aren’t allowed to hug any other guys, talk to any other guys, look at any other guys, or even think about any other guys.

“Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome” is used when an insecure girl overreacts and gets extremely jealous because her man is talking to another girl, even if just casual. The girl suffering from Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome usually does not have a whole lot of trust in her man, otherwise she wouldn’t overreact so much. In some cases, a girl suffering from Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome will freak out (精神崩潰) if another girl even looks in the general direction of her man.

應用實例:

①I said hi to Brad today, and Tom totally flipped out. He’s got a serious case of Jealous Boyfriend Syndrome.

②Susie: Yeah, I got on Myspace this morning and had a message from Tina who was freaking out because I exchanged comments with her boyfriend.

Chadwick: Eh, she’s just suffering from a bad case of Jealous Girlfriend Syndrome.

小結:在漢語中,“紅眼病”和“醋罎子”都是採用比喻意義,分別指代普通意義的嫉妒和男女關係上的爭風吃醋,通常不可通用;二者都無法按字面意義譯成英語,而要採用英語特有的相應表達。