英語的動詞有三種語氣形式， 即陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。 虛擬語氣是謂語動詞的一種特殊形式， 用來表達假設、主觀願望、猜測、建議、可能或空想等非真實情況。
1英語虛擬語氣語法總結
第一類
虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法：
條件句有真實條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。 真實條件句所表示的假設是有可能發生的， 此時主句不用虛擬語氣；而虛擬條件句則表示一種假想， 與事實相反或不大可能會發生， 此時用虛擬語氣。
第二類
使用虛擬語氣的常見結構或從句：
1.*wish與hope接賓語從句的區別在於：hope表示一般可以實現的希望， 賓語從句用陳述語氣。 wish表示很難或不大可能實現的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。
2.if only 與 I wish一樣， 也用於表示與事實相反的願望， 其後所虛擬語氣的時態與 wish後所接時態的情況相同
3.l would rather後句子用虛擬語氣 只分現在和過去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon後的that從句中, 句子謂語習慣上要用虛擬語氣，
4.l as if (though)從句用虛擬語氣
以as if (as though)引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句， 有時用虛擬語氣,則與wish用法相同
第三類
從句中should+動詞原形， should可省略
1. 在 lest ， for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防)引導的目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates. 她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友。
2. 表應當做 值得做 一類動詞後的賓語從句
建議advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command
請求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
督促urge提議move, vote
希望desire堅持insist
打算intend安排arrange
3. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名詞後的表語從句或同位語從句
Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我們的建議是你應該第一個去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
第四類
It’s time後的從句用虛擬語氣
從句謂語通常用過去式表示 (早)該幹某事了
*有時也用過去進行時或“should+動詞原形”(較少見， 且should不能省略)
第五類
表示祝願話語中也可以用虛擬語氣。
第六類
在少數句型中， 謂語用虛擬語氣。
1）由that引導的句子（表示願望或沮喪情緒）
2）由would that引導的句子（表示但願）
3）由to think引導的句子（表示沒想到）
2虛擬語氣高考真題及答案
1.(北京卷)34. We ___ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A. are B. were C. will be D. would be
2.(福建卷)32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been 3.(湖南卷)22.If Mr. Dewey __ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was 4.(陝西卷)23. We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and
she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
5.(天津卷)15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught
6.(浙江卷 )16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ___ to our help.
A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come 7.(重慶卷)13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I __ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
8.(重慶)29. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ___
A. hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. don't
9. (安徽)28. I ___to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone
10.(遼寧)31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable . He ___ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 11(陝西)21. The children___ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the
lakeside camp as scheduled.
A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 12. (四川)5. —Why are your eyes so red?
You have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 13. (北京)34. If we___ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
14, (福建)30. ----Do you think George has passed the driving test? ----No. If so, he ____ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 15. (江蘇)30. I should not have laughed if I ___you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought
16. (陝西)12. My mom suggests that we___ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 17. (天津)14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ___able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been
18. (浙江)8. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ___ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
19. (浙江)Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
20.(天津)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered
21.(江西)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A. may not B. needn't C. can’t D. mustn't 22.(安徽) Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live
24. (湖南)Sorry, I am too busy now, if I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 25.(江蘇)— Happy birthday! C. wouldn't D. mightn't —Thank you! It’s the best present I _ for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 26.(山東)If we ___ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A. haven't made B. wouldn't make C. didn't make D. hadn't made
27.(北京)We ___ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 28.(北京)Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
29.(福建)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
答案：
1-5：DABCD
6-10：AAADD
11-15：AADCC
16-20：ABBDD
21-25：BDDDD
26-29：DCBD