端午剛過， 不知道多少童鞋變成了小豬棕...嚴肅分享一減肥妙招：玩命學習即可瘦， 親測有效...今天分享下學習材料：6月3日託福考試回憶！
閱讀考題回憶
Passage One
學科分類：biology
題目：birdsong
內容回憶：
有研究表明有一種鳥類會在出生的幾周模仿同類的叫聲， 一直到八個月之後才開始有自己獨特的叫聲， 但是都是雄性。 小鳥模仿雄性 adult 的時候頻率等等都很相似。 一些科學家有研究用其他鳥類的叫聲或者 recording 的聲音， 發現都是不能干擾它們的。 所以他們在擁有此種叫聲時是經歷了 interaction， 特別是在建立 territory， 或者是區分 neighbor 的時候。 文章最後說道後來發現有其他的一些鳥類即使是聾了也會有自己的叫聲， 所以 interaction 與否也要取決於species， 結尾有例子 parrot 說他們模仿多的原因是他們不論公母都會鳴叫， 種類也多。
詞彙題：
1.pioneering=original
2.distinct=separate
3.enabling=allowable
restrict=limited
Passage Two
學科分類：history
題目：economy of Roman
內容回憶：羅馬帝國當時興盛促進了很多發展。 例如進口比出口還要多，
詞彙題：
1.surplus=excess
2.stimulate=encouraging
3.lucrative=profitable
4.elaborate=complex
Passage Three
學科分類：biology
題目：debates about dinosaurs
內容回憶：先介紹了恒溫和變溫動物的區別， 之後提出關於恐龍是恒溫動物有很多證據：1. 表皮， 發現表皮可以 maintain body temperature 2. 大部分生活在 temperate zone 不恒溫無法生存；3. the ratio of predator and prey：發現 prey 明顯多於 predator 而很多 prey
都是恒溫動物， 代謝也少才能生存；4. bone ring：恒溫動物沒有 bone ring 恐龍也沒有；5. 生活地點多， 種類多， 和其他的 mammal 對此瞭解。
詞彙題：
1.resemble=looks like
2.preserve=maintain
3.conceivably=believably
聽力考題回憶
Conversation 1
話題分類：Professor and student
內容回憶：一個女學生跟教授聊天， 教授開頭先問女生假期是否有 trip， 女生說這裡是她家鄉， 不離開。 然後女學生對這裡的人類學和考古學研究很感興趣。 女學生希望教授能幫她找一份做看門管家的暑期工作， 尤其是那些假期出去玩， 沒有人在家看門看寵物的， 要有薪水。 老師說女學生可以來人類學系給他當助手， 做一些整理資料論文的工作， 女學生覺得很棒， 然後同時她也想帶著做看門的工作，
Conversation 2
話題分類： Professor and student
內容回憶：學生跟老師商量， 論文的寫作， 請老師給出一些建議。
Lecture 1
學科分類： Biology
內容回憶： 講到生物的共生關係， 分成四種， 第一種是 parasites， 第二種是 conten 什麼的， 第三種是 mutualism， 第四種是 xeron 什麼的。 第一種 parasite 的關係。 一方獲得利益， 一方遭受損失。 第二種是有輕微的獲利或者輕微的損失。 第三種是互惠的， 就像細菌給一種蟲子提供養分， 蟲子給細菌提供生活場所。 第四種是複雜的關係， 它舉例說一種 worm， 吃昆蟲， 昆蟲內部有細菌， 細菌會把昆蟲一步步分解成碎片， 這些碎片可以提供給 worm。 所以細菌和 worm 是 mutualism， 細菌和昆蟲是 parasites
Lecture 2
學科分類：Art
內容回憶：現代藝術， 講一位日本藝術家叫 nogushi 什麼的， 特別擅長使用各種材料雕刻，
Lecture 3
學科分類： History
內容回憶：講一份 manuscript， 手寫的不是打出來的， 是由羊皮紙做的。 一開始這份手稿流失， 然後一位書販好像在藏書館裡找到了它。 後來分別講解用各種科技方法去考察這個手稿寫了啥， 提到了紫外線照射法， x 光， 還有光譜學研究寫字的墨水的成分。
Lecture 4
學科分類： Geology
內容回憶：講一個叫 hoodoo 的地質特徵， 特別有意思還配了圖， 像喀斯特地貌似得。 研究這個奇特現象形成的原因。 有學生說是不是風刮的， 老師說不是。 後來老師說有以下原因， 第一個是這個奇特地貌以前是被水覆蓋的， 所以 weather 的影響有限。但是慢慢的，等到水面退去，露出來之後，酸雨對它有影響，學生納悶那個地方環境很好沒硫酸，老師說實際上是弱酸碳酸對它的影響。慢慢的風也對它有風化作用，而且它有小孔，水流到孔中結冰也會破壞它。
口語考題回憶
Task 1
Which one would you like to choose for your final project：presentation, paper，video
Task 2
Do you agree or disagree with this statement that we should help our friends only when they ask for help.
Task 3
閱讀標題：cancel the right to visit school garden
原因 1：people always pick up flowers in the garden and this is the place only for researchers.
原因 2：students can go to other place not far away to enjoy the scenery.
聽力態度：disagree
原因 1：we do not know this is just for researchers,they can just put up rules and we will obey them
原因 2：other parks are so far away from here and lots of students do not have cars to go there and the transportation is limited，it is not easy to find a one like this
Task 4
閱讀 標題：geoengineering
定義：use some unusual way to reverse the environmental pollution
聽力 例子：We can use a common rock to absorb the CO2 in the atmosphere,the rock is abundant and easy to find which is a totally new method to solve the environmental problem
Task 5
問題：Roommate painted the wall but accidentally paint the speaker's new coat green and this is the only coat she has for this winter because she has already thrown the old-fashioned one
解決方案 1：the roommate offered to buy a new one for her
優點 1： she can afford
缺點 1：the speaker thinks this is also her fault that she did not place the coat in the right place
解決方案 2：borrow an old one from her sister
優點 2：her sister do has one
缺點 2： it is old-fashioned，she really likes the messed-up one
Task 6
話題： internal business constraints
要點 1：this includes something relate to equipment and other elements
例子 1：not suitable equipment: when a supermarket just has old cashier register it will take longer time to account and some customers will be angry to wait for such a long time
例子 2：lack of employee training: also in a supermarket when a customer asks for the location of a good and the employee shows the wrong direction the customer will be so annoyed and leave without buying anything
寫作考題回憶
綜合寫作：
閱讀：講鯨魚，一隻鯨魚叫 iceberg， 還有一隻叫 ica，文章裡說這倆貨不一樣品種
原因一：長相不一樣，它身上的 patch 那個斑點
原因二：出現的水域不一樣
原因三：估計年齡不一樣。
聽力：教授不同意，覺得他倆就是一個鯨魚
原因一：這個雨的斑紋差別很小，而且本來同一種就有不同斑紋，
原因二：因為比如同樣是 iceberg 它吃的食物也不一樣，這個傢伙喜歡吃魚，所以它們生活的區域不一樣。
原因三：估計鯨魚的年齡是有誤的，因為 20 歲的鯨魚和 25，30 的都長得差不多。
獨立
Do you agree that people easily learn from the friends beside them?
Sample Answer:
The issue of whether people learn from friends without effort has triggered a heated discussion. Various people have entirely different perspectives due to their different backgrounds and experiences. As for me, I strongly hold the opinion that we can learn from our friends, but not as easily, because of their lack of sufficient teaching experience and systematic knowledge.
There is no denying that we can usually learn from our friends, who are willing to help us most of the time, due to our similar interests. It is a fact that friends usually have common hobbies and interests, such as a game, a sport and an idol, which usually serve as shared topics in our daily communication. While information could be exchanged easily in this way, we are very likely to acquire what is needed. But I strongly disagree that it is as easy as what we have expected to learn from friends. There are varieties of sound reasons, but the following ones deserve notice.
To begin with, their deficient teaching experience may sometimes waste us more time and energy. Rarely do most of our friends have a chance to teach officially, as they may not be teachers or tutors. Consequently, they are lack of teaching experience and teaching skills, probably providing an improper or impractical advice, even though they are knowledgeable enough. Following their instructions, we may have to spend more time and energy. By contrast, a professor or expert would assist with their long-term experience, saving us plenty of time and energy. For example, when we are trapped by a complicated math question, a friend may need thirty minutes, involving many calculations. Yet, a math professor may just need five minutes and one formula, cutting down plenty of time and work.
Apart from their experience deficiency, our friends could not always teach us all what we want to learn, deriving from their shortage of systematic knowledge. Although friends would like to share their knowledge and experience with us, they are not omniscient. Owing to their defective knowledge, they cannot explain every detail as clearly as an experienced teacher or professional, who is aware of how to teach in an organized and feasible way. For instance, a friend can share with us how he or she plays basketball, but a coach can offer a more scientific training scheme, improving our stamina, speed, agility, shooting skills, defensive awareness and teamplay and so forth.
To summarize, although friends can learn from one another with shared interests, we can not always learn from them very easily, because they may not be instructors of experience and their absence of systematic knowledge tends to prevent them from teaching us.
所以 weather 的影響有限。但是慢慢的，等到水面退去，露出來之後，酸雨對它有影響，學生納悶那個地方環境很好沒硫酸，老師說實際上是弱酸碳酸對它的影響。慢慢的風也對它有風化作用，而且它有小孔，水流到孔中結冰也會破壞它。口語考題回憶
Task 1
Which one would you like to choose for your final project：presentation, paper，video
Task 2
Do you agree or disagree with this statement that we should help our friends only when they ask for help.
Task 3
閱讀標題：cancel the right to visit school garden
原因 1：people always pick up flowers in the garden and this is the place only for researchers.
原因 2：students can go to other place not far away to enjoy the scenery.
聽力態度：disagree
原因 1：we do not know this is just for researchers,they can just put up rules and we will obey them
原因 2：other parks are so far away from here and lots of students do not have cars to go there and the transportation is limited，it is not easy to find a one like this
Task 4
閱讀 標題：geoengineering
定義：use some unusual way to reverse the environmental pollution
聽力 例子：We can use a common rock to absorb the CO2 in the atmosphere,the rock is abundant and easy to find which is a totally new method to solve the environmental problem
Task 5
問題：Roommate painted the wall but accidentally paint the speaker's new coat green and this is the only coat she has for this winter because she has already thrown the old-fashioned one
解決方案 1：the roommate offered to buy a new one for her
優點 1： she can afford
缺點 1：the speaker thinks this is also her fault that she did not place the coat in the right place
解決方案 2：borrow an old one from her sister
優點 2：her sister do has one
缺點 2： it is old-fashioned，she really likes the messed-up one
Task 6
話題： internal business constraints
要點 1：this includes something relate to equipment and other elements
例子 1：not suitable equipment: when a supermarket just has old cashier register it will take longer time to account and some customers will be angry to wait for such a long time
例子 2：lack of employee training: also in a supermarket when a customer asks for the location of a good and the employee shows the wrong direction the customer will be so annoyed and leave without buying anything
寫作考題回憶
綜合寫作：
閱讀：講鯨魚，一隻鯨魚叫 iceberg， 還有一隻叫 ica，文章裡說這倆貨不一樣品種
原因一：長相不一樣，它身上的 patch 那個斑點
原因二：出現的水域不一樣
原因三：估計年齡不一樣。
聽力：教授不同意，覺得他倆就是一個鯨魚
原因一：這個雨的斑紋差別很小，而且本來同一種就有不同斑紋，
原因二：因為比如同樣是 iceberg 它吃的食物也不一樣，這個傢伙喜歡吃魚，所以它們生活的區域不一樣。
原因三：估計鯨魚的年齡是有誤的，因為 20 歲的鯨魚和 25，30 的都長得差不多。
獨立
Do you agree that people easily learn from the friends beside them?
Sample Answer:
The issue of whether people learn from friends without effort has triggered a heated discussion. Various people have entirely different perspectives due to their different backgrounds and experiences. As for me, I strongly hold the opinion that we can learn from our friends, but not as easily, because of their lack of sufficient teaching experience and systematic knowledge.
There is no denying that we can usually learn from our friends, who are willing to help us most of the time, due to our similar interests. It is a fact that friends usually have common hobbies and interests, such as a game, a sport and an idol, which usually serve as shared topics in our daily communication. While information could be exchanged easily in this way, we are very likely to acquire what is needed. But I strongly disagree that it is as easy as what we have expected to learn from friends. There are varieties of sound reasons, but the following ones deserve notice.
To begin with, their deficient teaching experience may sometimes waste us more time and energy. Rarely do most of our friends have a chance to teach officially, as they may not be teachers or tutors. Consequently, they are lack of teaching experience and teaching skills, probably providing an improper or impractical advice, even though they are knowledgeable enough. Following their instructions, we may have to spend more time and energy. By contrast, a professor or expert would assist with their long-term experience, saving us plenty of time and energy. For example, when we are trapped by a complicated math question, a friend may need thirty minutes, involving many calculations. Yet, a math professor may just need five minutes and one formula, cutting down plenty of time and work.
Apart from their experience deficiency, our friends could not always teach us all what we want to learn, deriving from their shortage of systematic knowledge. Although friends would like to share their knowledge and experience with us, they are not omniscient. Owing to their defective knowledge, they cannot explain every detail as clearly as an experienced teacher or professional, who is aware of how to teach in an organized and feasible way. For instance, a friend can share with us how he or she plays basketball, but a coach can offer a more scientific training scheme, improving our stamina, speed, agility, shooting skills, defensive awareness and teamplay and so forth.
To summarize, although friends can learn from one another with shared interests, we can not always learn from them very easily, because they may not be instructors of experience and their absence of systematic knowledge tends to prevent them from teaching us.