「美國網友評論」中國如何在太空業務中利用其“軟實力”
China’s state-backed satellite industry has swooped into Indonesia and suddenly signed deals with two of the country’s top three satellite operators. Indosat, in partnership with Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (PSN), has agreed to purchase a high-throughput communications satellite from China’s state-owned satellite manufacturer, Great Wall Industry Corp. The satellite will be called Palapa N-1. PSN also signed a memorandum of understanding for an additional satellite.
中國國家支持的衛星工業已經沖入印尼，突然與該國前三的衛星運營商簽署協定。帕斯菲克衛星公司（PSN）的合作夥伴Indosat已同意向中國國有衛星製造商長城工業集團採購高通量通訊衛星。
The two deals caught many in the global satellite industry by surprise because Indonesian satellite operators have tended to buy communications satellites from North America or Europe. China’s willingness to provide financing was crucial to both deals.
這兩筆交易讓全球衛星工業領域的很多人眼鏡大跌，因為印尼衛星運營商通常傾向於從北美或歐洲採購通信衛星。中國提供資金的意願對這兩筆交易起到了關鍵作用。
Despite the name, satellite services represent less than 4% of Indosat’s business; the company derives most of its revenue from terrestrial networks. Therefore, the parent board, Indosat Ooredoo, was unwilling to spend much on a new satellite. This is why Indosat’s satellite division partnered with PSN, to mitigate costs. Chinese “soft loans” sweetened the deal.
儘管Indosat的名稱（有“衛星”），但衛星服務在其業務中的比例不到4%；這家公司大部分收益來自於地面網路。然而，其最大股東Indosat Ooredoo不願意在新衛星上投入過多。
It is important for Indosat to have a new satellite because its current one, Palapa-D, could expire any time after mid-2020. If Indosat fails to find a replacement, it means it will be left with no satellite.
擁有新衛星對Indosat而言很重要，因為它現有的衛星Palapa-D可能在2020年代中期期滿。如果Indosat未能找到替代品，意味著它可能面臨無衛星可用的狀況。
PSN was interested to partner because orbital slots are hard to come by, and the company has ambitious growth plans. Internet traffic in Indonesia averaged 1,250 Gbps in 2015 and is forecast to increase to 6,000 Gbps by 2020, according to PSN. Indonesia is a vast archipelago of 17,000 islands, and the company says terrestrial networks will be unable to keep up with the five-fold increase in growth. That creates an opportunity for satellite operators. PSN’s director of planning and development, Dani Indra Widjanarko, says internet penetration in Indonesia is only 20%, one of the lowest in the region. And many areas in Indonesia do not have enough bandwidth.
PSN之所以對成為合作夥伴很感興趣，是因為軌道空檔很難找到，而該公司的發展計畫雄心勃勃。據PSN稱：2015年印尼的平均網路流量為1250Gbps，預計在2020年增加到6000Gbps。
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美國網友評論：
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marklincoln1@aol.com Jul 7, 2017
"China’s willingness to provide financing was crucial to both deals."
- AW&ST
"The gridlock in Washington over the Export-Import Bank has put U.S. manufacturers at a severe disadvantage and means the U.S. has been losing important deals to other countries, such as China, that can offer cheap financing."
- AW&ST
To modern Republicans Ideology is more important than reality.
Get used to it.
“中國提供資金的意願對這兩筆交易起到了關鍵作用。”
——AW&ST（航空航太技術週刊）
“進出口庫存的積壓已經讓美國製造商處於極端不利的境地，意味著與其他能夠提供低廉資金的國家如中國相比，美國已經損失了很多重要交易。”
——AW&ST（航空航太技術週刊）
更新共和黨的意識形態比現實更重要，要習慣這一點。
SE Jones Jul 8, 2017
Mark Lincoln is usually quick with an (occasionally interesting) history lesson, but with this comment, he demonstrates an 8th grader understanding of the Ex-Im Bank.
Mark Lincoln在歷史問題上往往很敏銳，偶爾也會很有趣，但在這個評論裡，
Both conservatives and liberals have had a love/hate relationship with The Ex-Im Bank for decades, but oh yeah...Trump is a poopy head and Republicans are evil is all you need to know.
保守黨和自由黨幾十年來都對進出口庫存愛恨交加，但呵呵……唯一需要知道的是，特朗普腦殼裡都是屎，共和黨人都是鬼。
murky303@yahoo.com Jul 9, 2017
Got the wrong site, Mark. Try thedailybeast.com
Mark，你的文章發錯網站了，試試《每日野獸》吧。
（《每日野獸》（thedailybeast.com）美國新聞網站，由《紐約客》前總編蒂娜·布朗創辦，被稱為“野獸”級《新聞週刊》。現已與《新聞週刊》合併。）
gwroble Jul 8, 2017
If you are an American under thirty learn Mandarin. Then study history and become familiar with how a vassal state behaves in its relations with the Middle Kingdom.
如果你是個小於30歲的美國人，那麼你應該學習中文。然後研究一下歷史，
123dcp Jul 8, 2017
If the current leadership in the US succeeds in undermining the international organizations the US led in creating over the last 70 years to promote largely rules-based international relations, we could return to the competition of great powers and their oppression of and forced alliances with adjacent lesser powers. If that happens, China will be able to exert power over a huge share of the Earth''s population and, as it''s GDP grows to substantially exceed that of the US, the US will find itself in an unaccustomedly weak position, particularly with the alliance with Europe being undermined every day that the US is led by historically ignorant buffoons. I am hopeful that we will not proceed too far Doan Trump''s road of emasculated US diplomatic power, but I am not sure how we avoid that without Trump dying of natural causes very soon. The damage he does to US power every week is appalling
美國領導的國際組織在過去70年創造了主要以規則為導向的國際關係，如果現在美國的領導地位被削弱，我們可能回到那種強權國家與受其壓迫並被迫結盟的毗鄰弱國之間的競爭狀態。如果發生這種情況，中國將能夠在向很大一部分的全球人口施加其強權，而其GDP增長明顯超過美國，美國會發現自身處於不習慣的弱勢地位，尤其是美國領導的與歐洲的聯盟關係將被歷史無知的愚者日復一日的削弱。希望我們不會在特朗普閹割美國外交力量的路上走的太遠，但如果特朗普不能在短時間內自然死亡的話，我不知道我們該如何避免這種情況。他每週對美國力量造成的傷害都讓人震驚。
123dcp Jul 8, 2017
To be clear, I don''t think that story ends poorly just for the US. It also ends poorly for Europe, Russia, China''s neighbors, and even China itself. International relations based on the strong subjugating the weak will probably lead to some efforts to determine which nations are strong in the traditional way, all-out war, using the most potent weapons available. So, while I don''t see any possibility of nuclear war driving our species extinct, I do think the road we are headed down is bad for the whole species.
澄清一下，我覺得這件事不止會對美國造成傷害。同樣會對歐洲、俄羅斯、中國的鄰國，甚至中國自己造成傷害。以強者征服弱者為基礎的國際關係，很可能引發那些用傳統的方式決定哪個國家為強權的行為，即投入可以獲得的最強大的武器，進行全面戰爭。所以，雖然我並不認為會發生滅絕我們物種的核戰爭，但我的確認為我們正走上一條損害全人類的道路。
gxbow Jul 9, 2017
123dcp,
I for one would be interested to see an edit of your comments based on a Hillary presidency and also a Sanders term without comparison to Trump. These should each stand alone and be based on your personal thoughts and feelings as was seemingly done in the original.
我個人很樂意看到你們的一位編輯對希拉蕊還有桑德斯的執政發表評論，不要與特朗普對比。那些評論要獨立，而且出於你們個人的下意識的想法和感覺。
Ruddy Jul 10, 2017
I doubt the road ahead turns backwards to the colonization and exploitation of undeveloped countries like when western powers ruled the world. However there is far more fear in western world of it happening, then in Asian countries who have been subject to such treatment in past centuries.
我懷疑世界會走上殖民主義和剝削不發達國家的老路，就像西方強權統治世界的那個時期。然而西方世界更害怕這件事成真，然後才是在前幾個世紀曾受到如此對待亞洲國家。
murky303@yahoo.com Jul 9, 2017
Those international organizations have largely undermined themselves - especially the United Nations - by behaving corruptly. The United States has has, repeatedly, to convince the UN to live up to its Charter by withholding funds until that happened. As far as the Paris Accords are concerned, the fact that some nations are allowed massive carbon footprints while others are not is a valid criticism of the agreement. It''s the very prototype of "an unequal treaty" that ought never to have been signed or allowed to govern US internal policy.
那些國際組織在腐敗行為方面大大的低估了自己，尤其是聯合國。美國一次又一次通過扣押會費來迫使聯合國遵守自己的憲章，直到確實執行才會上交會費。就像巴黎協定所關心的，事實是允許某些國家擁有大量的碳足跡而不允許其他國家擁有，這是對協定的正當批評。這正是“不平等條約”的雛形，美國政府國內政策絕對不應該簽署或者批准。
marklincoln1@aol.com Jul 9, 2017
". . . but with this comment, he demonstrates an 8th grader understanding of the Ex-Im Bank."
- SE Jones
I guess SE Jones failed to read my comment correctly. I said nothing on Ex-m Ban aside from a quotation from the article
My observation remains, amplified by the comment of SE Jones.
"To modern Republicans Ideology is more important than reality.
Get used to it."
- Mark Lincoln
“……但在這個評論裡，他對進出口庫存的論證是8年級學生的水準。”
——SE Jone
我猜SE Jones並沒有正確的理解我的評論。我並沒有提到“禁止進出口”，除了文中的一次引用。
我的評論不變，只不過意思被SE Jones的評論放大了。
“更新共和黨的意識形態比現實更重要，要習慣這一點。”
尤其是美國領導的與歐洲的聯盟關係將被歷史無知的愚者日復一日的削弱。希望我們不會在特朗普閹割美國外交力量的路上走的太遠，但如果特朗普不能在短時間內自然死亡的話，我不知道我們該如何避免這種情況。他每週對美國力量造成的傷害都讓人震驚。123dcp Jul 8, 2017
To be clear, I don''t think that story ends poorly just for the US. It also ends poorly for Europe, Russia, China''s neighbors, and even China itself. International relations based on the strong subjugating the weak will probably lead to some efforts to determine which nations are strong in the traditional way, all-out war, using the most potent weapons available. So, while I don''t see any possibility of nuclear war driving our species extinct, I do think the road we are headed down is bad for the whole species.
澄清一下，我覺得這件事不止會對美國造成傷害。同樣會對歐洲、俄羅斯、中國的鄰國，甚至中國自己造成傷害。以強者征服弱者為基礎的國際關係，很可能引發那些用傳統的方式決定哪個國家為強權的行為，即投入可以獲得的最強大的武器，進行全面戰爭。所以，雖然我並不認為會發生滅絕我們物種的核戰爭，但我的確認為我們正走上一條損害全人類的道路。
gxbow Jul 9, 2017
123dcp,
I for one would be interested to see an edit of your comments based on a Hillary presidency and also a Sanders term without comparison to Trump. These should each stand alone and be based on your personal thoughts and feelings as was seemingly done in the original.
我個人很樂意看到你們的一位編輯對希拉蕊還有桑德斯的執政發表評論，不要與特朗普對比。那些評論要獨立，而且出於你們個人的下意識的想法和感覺。
Ruddy Jul 10, 2017
I doubt the road ahead turns backwards to the colonization and exploitation of undeveloped countries like when western powers ruled the world. However there is far more fear in western world of it happening, then in Asian countries who have been subject to such treatment in past centuries.
我懷疑世界會走上殖民主義和剝削不發達國家的老路，就像西方強權統治世界的那個時期。然而西方世界更害怕這件事成真，然後才是在前幾個世紀曾受到如此對待亞洲國家。
murky303@yahoo.com Jul 9, 2017
Those international organizations have largely undermined themselves - especially the United Nations - by behaving corruptly. The United States has has, repeatedly, to convince the UN to live up to its Charter by withholding funds until that happened. As far as the Paris Accords are concerned, the fact that some nations are allowed massive carbon footprints while others are not is a valid criticism of the agreement. It''s the very prototype of "an unequal treaty" that ought never to have been signed or allowed to govern US internal policy.
那些國際組織在腐敗行為方面大大的低估了自己，尤其是聯合國。美國一次又一次通過扣押會費來迫使聯合國遵守自己的憲章，直到確實執行才會上交會費。就像巴黎協定所關心的，事實是允許某些國家擁有大量的碳足跡而不允許其他國家擁有，這是對協定的正當批評。這正是“不平等條約”的雛形，美國政府國內政策絕對不應該簽署或者批准。
marklincoln1@aol.com Jul 9, 2017
". . . but with this comment, he demonstrates an 8th grader understanding of the Ex-Im Bank."
- SE Jones
I guess SE Jones failed to read my comment correctly. I said nothing on Ex-m Ban aside from a quotation from the article
My observation remains, amplified by the comment of SE Jones.
"To modern Republicans Ideology is more important than reality.
Get used to it."
- Mark Lincoln
“……但在這個評論裡，他對進出口庫存的論證是8年級學生的水準。”
——SE Jone
我猜SE Jones並沒有正確的理解我的評論。我並沒有提到“禁止進出口”，除了文中的一次引用。
我的評論不變，只不過意思被SE Jones的評論放大了。
“更新共和黨的意識形態比現實更重要，要習慣這一點。”